Revisited generalized substitution theorem and its consequences for circuit analysis

The Substitution Theorem (ST) is generally perceived as a mere theoretical curiosity. In this paper, a formerly derived generalized ST (GST) is carefully revised, which leads to both a Weak Revisited GST (RGST) and a Strong RGST (characterized by noticeably relaxed hypotheses with respect to the GST). Then, despite the common opinion about the ST, such RGSTs are showed to be powerful analytical tools to generalize, make rigorous and rigorously prove several classic results of Circuit Theory, namely: the Substitution Theorem for Multiterminal Circuits, the Source‐Shift Theorem, the Thévenin–Norton Theorem, the Miller Theorem alongside its Dual, and the Augmentation Principle. More specifically, the Substitution Theorem for Multiterminal Circuits is extended to an arbitrary set of sources, possibly including nullors. The Source‐Shift Theorem is rigorously derived, and possible related ambiguities are removed. Also, all possible hybrid forms of the Thévenin–Norton Theorem for multiports are individuated, and a precise operative procedure for calculating the relevant entities is provided for all cases. Furthermore, the Miller Theorem and its Dual are extended to an arbitrary number of variables and to multiports. As to the Augmentation Principle, the constraint regarding the linearity of the augmenting resistors is removed. Finally, thoroughly worked examples are given in which the aforementioned noteworthy consequences of the RGSTs are proved to be efficient tools for analysis by inspection of linear and nonlinear circuits. Among the other things, systematic pencil‐and‐paper procedures for DC‐point and input‐output (or driving‐point) characteristic calculation in nonlinear networks are derived and applied to circuits with considerably complex topology. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Decentralized bounded input bounded output stabilization of perturbed interconnected time-delay power systems with energy storages

This paper presents a new decentralized bounded input bounded output (BIBO) stabilization problem for a class of interconnected time-delay systems and its application to power systems with energy storages. We first provide conditions for the derivation of an ellipsoid that bounds a given linear functions of the state vector. Then, a design procedure is proposed to synthesize decentralized static output feedback controllers. The designed controllers guarantee that a given linear functions of the state vector, starting from any initial condition, converges exponentially to its prescribed zones. To deal with the time-delay issue, we use an improved weighted integral inequality recently reported in the literature to derive less conservative exponential stability conditions. Then, our presented control approach is applied to an interconnected power system integrated energy storages with multiple time delays. We synthesis decentralized static output feedback load frequency controllers to guarantee that the system frequency and interchanged power converge to their prescribed zones exponentially from any initial conditions. The controller’s construction is simpler and easier for implementation due to only the local output measurements are required. In order to systematically obtain the controller gains, an effective procedure using linear matrix inequality based stabilisation criteria, which can be solved by various computation tools, is provided. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is verified by comprehensive simulations.     

Sepic变换器直接电流控制

基于李亚普诺夫直接法和输入输出线性化控制法,提出了一种新型Sepic变换器直接电流控制策略。建立了Sepic变换器单输入单输出仿射非线性系统模型。采用李亚普诺夫直接法,建立了Sepic变换器李亚普诺夫直接法控制系统。在李亚普诺夫直接法的基础上提出了一种直接电流控制方法,通过直接控制电感电流,间接获得期望的输出电压。比较分析发现该直接电流控制法比李亚普诺夫直接法控制结构更简单,控制代价更低,易于数字实现。数值仿真和实验结果验证了所提控制策略的正确性和优越性。基于所提控制方法的系统输出无稳态误差,并对负载扰动具有较强的鲁棒性。     

车载显控终端输入方式对乘员信息处理能力影响试验研究

基于自主开发的车载显控终端作业模拟及工效测试系统,以任务完成时间和错误率为考核指标,通过作业模拟方式,以研究触屏和鼠标两种输入方式对乘员信息处理能力的影响为试验目的进行了试验。研究结果表明:所采用的研究方法可有效区分不同输入方式对乘员信息处理能力的影响,实际作业绩效考核应以触屏操作的绩效考核指标为准;但从掌握系统操作功能来看,两种输入方式的训练效果相同。该研究结果可为车载显控终端输入方式的遴选,人员科学训练提供借鉴和参考。     

北京市生态足迹动态变化研究

构建基于投入产出技术的生态足迹模型对北京市2005年与2010年的生态足迹进行了对比分析。北京市生态足迹虽有所下降,但仍然处于不可持续状态。在方法上将生态足迹划分为市内、市外和国外生态足迹3个部分,研究得出市内需求占用生态足迹最多,2010年政府消费支出和固定资本形成所占用的生态足迹比重分别上升了9%和5%,农村居民消费和存货调整占用的生态足迹比重下降了14%和1%。在结果上,从产业、需求的角度来分析北京市39个产业和3个区域生态足迹变化对北京市生态足迹总量变化的影响,计算分析得出农林牧渔业、石油加工炼焦及核燃料加工业、交通运输仓储业及邮政业和其他服务业占用生态足迹较多。     

Effect of cation exchange capacity of soil on stabilized soil strength

While a certain correlation between the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the soil and the strength of the cement stabilized soil has been reported, the mechanism remains unclear. In this research, a set of soil samples with different CECs were stabilized with different proportions of cement and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂, CH). The influence of soil CEC on the strength of the stabilized soil was investigated by analyzing the CH saturation in the pore solution and measuring the strength of the stabilized soil specimens. It is revealed that cation exchange in the soil can reduce the CH saturation of the stabilized soil. If the CEC of the soil is too high, the CH in the pore solution of the stabilized soil cannot reach the saturation level, and further cation exchange would then consume the Ca²⁺ ions which should be originally used to generate calcium silicate hydrate, thus result in the poor strength of the stabilized soil.     

永川煤矿延深区须六段砂岩储层特征及致密气储量估算

永川煤矿延深区煤系地层上覆须家河六段岩层含有大量气体。在实验室对须六段岩芯进行了化验分析,结果显示为长石岩屑砂岩层,结构成熟度为中到低,孔隙度平均3.98%,渗透率平均0.080506×10~(-3)μm~2,岩层内孔隙以微裂隙为主,含气饱和度平均84.3%,属于Ⅲ~Ⅱ类中等复合性储层类型的致密砂岩气藏。应用容积法计算表明该矿延深区须六段致密砂岩气地质储量为12.84×10~8 m~3,丰度为1.712×10~8 m~3/km~2。可在井下应用水力压裂技术对岩层增透,结合瓦斯负压抽采系统,对须六段岩层致密气进行开发。     

基于改进EMD与改进灰色相关度的防止变压器差动保护误动的新方法

为了有效防止变压器区外故障电流互感器(CT)饱和引起的差动保护误动以及区内故障CT饱和引起保护拒动,提出了一种基于改进经验模态分解(EMD)和改进灰色相关度的防止变压器差动保护误动的新方法。该方法主要利用了区内、区外故障时差流波形存在差异这一特点,只需定位故障发生时刻与第一个差流极值点出现时刻,将两时刻之间的差流波形进行关于坐标原点的对称变换,得到新的差流波形。之后将新的差流波形与正弦“小波”信号叠加得到合成波形,对合成波形进行改进EMD获得其第一个本征模态函数(IMF1),然后求取合成波形与其IMF1的改进灰色相关度。由于该方法仅需提取故障发生时刻与第一个差流极值点出现时刻的差流波形,且区内、外故障时的改进灰色相关度数值相差甚远,因此该方法能够保证快速、准确地对变压器区内、外故障做出识别,从而保证区外故障CT达饱和时保护不误动;区内故障时CT达饱和时,保护不拒动。PSCAD及Matlab仿真实验验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

复合场下磁流变液层间剪切屈服特性研究

为了研究磁流变液在磁场、温度场共同作用下层间剪切屈服特性,考虑磁化饱和程度以及局部磁场聚集效应的影响,结合经典偶极子和局部场偶极子理论模型,建立了新型颗粒间作用力计算模型—偶极子边界理论模型,理论分析了偶极子边界中颗粒链之间的相互作用力以及同一链中两相邻颗粒间作用力,并给出作用力的数学表达式,搭建了基于线圈外置的圆盘式传动结构的测量装置,通过实验研究验证理论的正确性。结果表明偶极子边界模型计算误差比经典偶极子理论模型和局部场偶极子理论模型小,弱磁场作用下,偶极子边界理论模型计算所得剪切屈服应力结果与实验值的偏差最小,在-1.5%~1%之间;在强磁场作用下,由偶极子边界理论模型计算所得结果与实验值的偏差最小,在-0.4%~0.2%之间。     

2:17型稀土钴永磁体磁饱和度对其不可逆损失的影响

采用亥姆霍兹线圈测试不同磁饱和度及工作点(P_c)的2:17型钐钴磁体温度老化前后的磁通,计算经温度老化后的不可逆损失,探讨了老化温度、永磁体磁饱和度及P_c对其不可逆损失的影响。结果表明,永磁体的不可逆损失随老化温度的升高、磁体磁饱和度的降低及P_c的降低而变大。不可逆损失绝对值小于1%时,老化温度为200℃,P_c=0.27的磁体磁饱和度需要超过53.6%,而P_c=1.78仅需超过31.5%,老化温度为300℃,P_c=0.27的磁体的磁饱和度需要超过88.6%,而P_c=1.78的磁体仅需超过68.1%。